Module 11A. Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems (Part-66)

Content: Part-66 Module 11A. Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems

1. Theory of Flight

• 1.1 Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight ControlsOperation and effect of:
  • roll control: ailerons and spoilers;
  • pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers andcanards;
  • yaw control, rudder limiters;
  • Control using elevons, ruddervators;
  • High lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;
  • Drag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;
  • Effects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges;
  • Boundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading edgedevices;
  • Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and antibalance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamicbalance panels;
• 1.2 High Speed Flight
  • Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight, Machnumber, critical Mach number, compressibility buffet, shock wave,aerodynamic heating, area rule;
  • Factors affecting airflow in engine intakes of high speed aircraft;
  • Effects of sweepback on critical Mach number.

2. Airframe Structures — General Concepts

• 2.1 Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;
  • Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;
  • Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;
  • Zonal and station identification systems;
  • Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress,fatigue;
  • Drains and ventilation provisions;
  • System installation provisions;
  • Lightning strike protection provision;
  • Aircraft bonding.
• 2.2 Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage,formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames,doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures,reinforcement, methods of skinning, anticorrosiveprotection, wing, empennage and engineattachments;
• Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting,bonding;
• Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting;
• Surface cleaning;
• Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment andsymmetry checks.

3. Airframe Structures — Aeroplanes

• 3.1 Fuselage (ATA 52/53/56) 
  • Construction and pressurisation sealing;
  • Wing, stabiliser, pylon and undercarriageattachments;
  • Seat installation and cargo loading system;
  • Doors and emergency exits: construction, mechanisms, operation andsafety devices;
  • Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms.
• 3.2 Wings (ATA 57)
  • Construction;
  • Fuel storage;
  • Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments.
• 3.3 Stabilisers (ATA 55)
  • Construction;
  • Control surface attachment.
• 3.4 Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57)
  • Construction and attachment;
  • Balancing — mass and aerodynamic.
• 3.5 Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54)
  • Construction;
  • Firewalls;
  • Engine mounts.

4. Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA 21)

• 4.1 Air supply
  • Sources of air supply including engine bleed, APU and ground cart;
• 4.2 Air Conditioning
  • Air conditioning systems;
  • Air cycle and vapour cycle machines;
  • Distribution systems;
  • Flow, temperature and humidity control system.
• 4.3 Pressurisation
  • Pressurisation systems;
  • Control and indication including control and safety valves;
  • Cabin pressure controllers;
  • Safety and warning devices;
  • Protection and warning devices.

5. Instruments/Avionic Systems

• 5.1 Instrument Systems (ATA 31)
  • Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;
  • Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;
  • Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;
  • Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems;
  • Other aircraft system indication.
• 5.2 Avionic Systems
  • Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of:Auto Flight (ATA 22);
  • Communications (ATA 23);
  • Navigation Systems (ATA 34).

6. Electrical Power (ATA 24)

• Batteries Installation and Operation;
• DC power generation;
• AC power generation;
• Emergency power generation;
• Voltage regulation;
• Power distribution;
• Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;
• Circuit protection;External/Ground power.

7. Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25)

• 7.1 Emergency equipment requirements;
  • Seats, harnesses and belts.
• 7.2 Cabin lay-out;Equipment lay-out;
  • Cabin Furnishing Installation;
  • Cabin entertainment equipment;
  • Galley installation;
  • Cargo handling and retention equipment;
  • Airstairs.

8. Fire Protection (ATA 26)

• 8.1 Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;
  • Fire extinguishing systems;System tests.
• 8.2 Portable fire extinguisher

9. Flight Controls (ATA 27)

• Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;
• Trim control;
• Active load control;
• High lift devices;
• Lift dump, speed brakes;
• System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, fly-by-wire;Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks systems;
• Balancing and rigging;
• Stall protection/warning system.

10. Fuel Systems (ATA 28)

• System lay-out;
• Fuel tanks;
• Supply systems;
• Dumping, venting and draining;
• Cross-feed and transfer;
• Indications and warnings;
• Refuelling and defuelling;
• Longitudinal balance fuel systems.

11. Hydraulic Power (ATA 29)

• System lay-out;
• Hydraulic fluids;
• Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;
• Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;
• Emergency pressure generation;
• Pressure Control;
• Power distribution;
• Indication and warning systems;
• Interface with other systems.

12. Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30)

• Ice formation, classification and detection;
• Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;
• De-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical;
• Rain repellant;
• Probe and drain heating.
• Wiper systems.

13. Landing Gear (ATA 32)

• Construction, shock absorbing;
• Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;
• Indications and warning;
• Wheels, brakes, antiskid and autobraking;
• Tyres;
• Steering.

14. Lights (ATA 33)

• External: navigation, anti-collision, landing, taxiing, ice;Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;
• Emergency.

15. Oxygen (ATA 35)

• System lay-out: cockpit, cabin;
• Sources, storage, charging and distribution;
• Supply regulation;
• Indications and warnings;

16. Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36)

• System lay-out;
• Sources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;
• Pressure control;
• Distribution;
• Indications and warnings;
• Interfaces with other systems.

17. Water/Waste (ATA 38)

• Water system lay-out, supply, distribution, servicing and draining;
• Toilet system lay-out, flushing and servicing;
• Corrosion aspects.

18. On Board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45)

• Central maintenance computers;
• Data loading system;
• Electronic library system;
• Printing;
• Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).